If everything is on the same LAN, then nothing talks to a router. Only a router or a Layer 3 switch performs Layer 3 functions. You cannot have Layer 3 QOS like DSCP without a router to read the DSCP flags in the IP header. All that is there is a switch port on a switch which may or may not support any sort of QOS.
Even if you had a Layer 3 switch which supports DSCP, that function is not controlled on the switch port, it's implemented between the VLANs. So having everyone on one VLAN means DSCP is useless for the reason I just stated.
If you are using soft phones then the PC and the phone must be on the same VLAN. So you need a switch that supports Layer 2 QOS, which is Class of Service (COS) and a couple of other functions. The soft phone marks its traffic as high priority, and the switch ports will prioritize the traffic
The Cisco switches support this. I don't know if yours does.