UDP is used specially when you need 1)async operation 2) use broadcast so it can be received by multiple clients or servers, the delivery is not guaranteed (packets can be lost) and you have to make additional code to insure correct receive and send, in database related applications it is better to use TCP because you can create one session or more between clients and the server and deal correctly with data transports between them.
when you said predefined intervals that mean it is not real-time (in database context)
in your case you need also to implement something like two phase commit so you can insure that the windows database server is updated correctly and if not rollback transaction of the Unix machine
Final words it is better to use TCP, but also if the windows database is sqlserver you can use linked servers and make a windows program or service to look for updates and reflected back on the windows database and vise-versa
for more resources and public codes you can search
www.codeproject.com for TCP and you will find a lot of articles and sample codes
good luck