If you're using a fax service and you send an email to the service for transmission as a fax, the service will try multiple times (like a normal fax machine will) to send the fax. After a certain number of times, it would register a failure, and you would receive a notification of that failure, but you'd have to look at a particular service to see the details of exactly how that's handled. (I think all of them provide an email notification of success or failure; some may also offer notification by text message to your cell phone.)